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Schinus molle

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Schinus

California pepper tree, pepper tree

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees 5–15 m tall.

Stems: Slender drooping branches forming a spreading crown.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (odd-pinnate). Alternate. Blades narrowly lanceolate to linear–lanceolate, 1.5–5(–7) cm long, 0.2–0.7 cm wide, leaflets in 7–20 pairs, terminal leaflet smaller than the lateral ones. Surfaces glabrous to sparsely puberulent. Margins entire to remotely serrate. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal panicles or axillary in the uppermost leaves; pedicels and peduncles glabrous or nearly so. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals deltate, ca. 0.4 mm long. Corolla of 5 petals; petals yellowish white, narrowly ovate, 1.5–2 mm long. Stamens 10, represented by staminodes in pistillate flowers. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 3; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers with pistillodes.

Fruit: Drupes lavender to pink; 6–8 mm in diameter. Seeds with an oily embryo.

Ploidy: 2n = 28; 30.

Habitat: Recently sparingly naturalized in pastures.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Native to South America; in Hawai‘i commonly cultivated on all of the main islands. Cultivated prior to 1871 (Hillebrand, 1888).

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 388 (1753)

Other References

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Wagner et al. 1990:198 (EM, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:104 (KEY), 106 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Schinus molle L. koloa district: kalaheo, yard of house on waha rd just e of papalina rd (kloss residence, dome house) Fairly gentle slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. sylvester, m. collector number: 8035 Oahu BISH 8/5/1997
2 Schinus molle L. kula PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 778 Oahu BISH 12/14/1967
3 Schinus molle L. kilauea, e waiakalua, waiakalua road (mauka), roadside at end of road where it splits Roadside outside house to NW, probably planted. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070608A016. Growing with Scaevola taccada, Cordyline fruticosa, Bambusa sp., Elephantopus mollis, Morinda citrifolia, lawn grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN tangalin, n. collector number: 1413 Kauai BISH 6/8/2007
4 Schinus molle L. Kula Volunteer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 778 Maui BISH 12/14/1967
5 Schinus molle L. Kalaheo, yard of house on Waha Road just east of Papalina Road (Kloss residence, dome house). Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 8035 Kauai PTBG 8/5/1997
6 Schinus molle L. honolulu Naturalized and common in understorey of Koa / tree fern and Eucalyptus robusta forests, over 100 acres. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 2252 Maui BISH 12/3/1927
7 Schinus molle L. oahu, honolulu, corner of atherton and mckinley on beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN palmer, r. 813 CM 2/27/1996
8 Schinus molle L. Honolulu, Kaimuki, 19th Avenue. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 658 Oahu PTBG 6/2/1977
9 Schinus molle L. E. Maui, Waiohuli. Growing along roadside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H20206 Maui PTBG 2/24/2002
10 Schinus molle L. Kiluea, East Waiakalua, Waiakalua Road (Mauka), roadside at end of road where it splits. Roadside outside house to NW, probablly planted. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070608A016. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1413 Kauai PTBG 6/8/2007
11 Schinus molle L. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 349 Maui US
12 Schinus molle L. Honolulu, Punchbowl, Prospect St. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush s.n. Oahu PTBG 2/21/1974
13 Schinus molle L. kiluea, east waiakalua, waiakalua road (mauka) roadside at end of road where it splits. roadside outside house to nw, probablly planted. collected as part of kisc 2007 early detection roadside survey. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN n. tangalin 1413 Kauai US 6/8/2007
14 Schinus molle L. honolulu Planted along street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 2252 Oahu BISH 12/3/1927
15 Schinus molle L. Colonial Hotel, Honolulu Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Grant, M.L. 7097 Oahu BISH 7/18/1934
16 Schinus molle L. Honolulu Planted along street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. Collector Number: 9533 Oahu BISH 1/1/1932
17 Schinus molle L. Koloa District: Kalaheo, yard of house on Waha Rd just E of Papalina Rd (Kloss residence, dome house) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D.H. 8035 Kauai BISH 8/5/1997
18 Schinus molle L. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 288 Oahu BISH 4/1/1909
19 Schinus molle L. Honolulu, Waikiki, Kapiolani Park Dry sandy soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Inafuku, R. s.n. Oahu BISH 11/2/1930
20 Schinus molle L. Honolulu Planted along street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 2252 Oahu BISH 12/3/1927
21 Schinus molle L. Nuuanu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Garber, D.W. 534 Oahu BISH 2/15/1921
22 Schinus molle L. Haleiwa Planted at dry sunny road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 11255 Oahu BISH 8/17/1922
23 Schinus molle L. Honolulu Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 11256 Oahu BISH 6/1/1929
24 Schinus molle L. Makiki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshinaga, E.K. s.n. Oahu BISH 12/22/1929
25 Schinus molle L. Honolulu Planted along street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 9533 Oahu BISH 1932-00-00
26 Schinus molle L. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. Collector Number: 288 Oahu BISH 4/1/1909
27 Schinus molle L. honolulu, waikiki, kapiolani park Dry sandy soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN inafuku, r. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 11/2/1930
28 Schinus molle L. honolulu Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 11256 Oahu BISH 6/1/1929
29 Schinus molle L. Honolulu Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. Collector Number: 11256 Oahu BISH 6/1/1929
30 Schinus molle L. colonial hotel, honolulu Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN grant, m.l. collector number: 7097 Oahu BISH 7/18/1934
31 Schinus molle L. Haleiwa Planted at dry sunny road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. Collector Number: 11255 Oahu BISH 8/17/1922
32 Schinus molle L. makiki PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshinaga, e.k. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 12/22/1929
33 Schinus molle L. honolulu, nehoa & makiki sts PRESERVED_SPECIMEN weber, p.w. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/1/1945
34 Schinus molle L. Honolulu Planted along street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. Collector Number: 2252 Oahu BISH 12/3/1927
35 Schinus molle L. unknown PreservedSpecimen Not on sheet Collector Number: s.n. BISH Specimen
36 Schinus molle L. haleiwa Planted at dry sunny road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 11255 Oahu BISH 8/17/1922
37 Schinus molle L. honolulu On hull of vessel "Mamo." Interisland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN faurie, a. collector number: 288 Oahu BISH 4/1/1909
38 Schinus molle L. honolulu Planted along street. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 9533 Oahu BISH 8/8/1932
39 Schinus molle L. Kilauea, E Waiakalua, Waiakalua Road (Mauka), roadside at end of road where it splits Roadside outside house to NW, probably planted. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070608A016. Growing with Scaevola taccada, Cordyline fruticosa, Bambusa sp., Elephantopus mollis, Morinda citrifolia, lawn grass. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tangalin, N. 1413 Kauai BISH 6/8/2007
40 Schinus molle L. nuuanu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN garber, d.w. collector number: 534 Oahu BISH 2/15/1921
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